Theme 4. Multiscale Reaction Dynamics
Revealing how real battery materials react across particles, space, and time
Battery electrodes do not behave as uniform materials. Individual particles may react at different rates, follow different phase-transformation pathways, and experience distinct local electrochemical environments—even within the same electrode.
We study reaction heterogeneity from the interior of a single particle to ensembles containing thousands of interacting particles. By resolving how reaction states develop, communicate, and relax during operation, we uncover collective behaviors that are hidden in conventional averaged measurements. This perspective allows us to connect microscopic reaction dynamics with macroscopic battery performance and degradation.
Keywords: reaction heterogeneity · particle ensembles · state-of-charge distribution · non-equilibrium dynamics · relaxation · single-particle behavior